数据整理
1、Natural Earth Data
Natural Earth Data提供了全球范围内的矢量和影像数据。Natural Earth Data的最大优势就是数据是开放性的，用户有传播和修改数据的权限。
（1）Natural Earth为制作个性化地图提供方便的资源，而不是为了科学分析和军事制图。Natural Earth是为了满足各种软件应用制图的需要，灵活性是Natural Earth的目标。
（2）Natural Earth数据分为文化层、自然层和栅格层。文化层包括了国家（包含属性）、争议地区及独立地区、一级行政区、点状居民地、面状城市（按照2002-2003 MODIS数据）、公园及保护区、太平洋岛国、水体行政边界（包含争议区）；自然图层包括海岸线、陆地边界、海洋、岛屿、珊瑚礁、自然注记、河流和湖泊中线、湖、冰川地区、南极冰架、水深（按照SRTM）、地理圈（极地、赤道、日期线等）、经纬网；栅格层包括分层设色（气候、高层）、土地覆盖（海底）、历史覆盖数据、海底深度、水深、SRTM高程晕眩图、灰度高程眩晕图。
（3）矢量数据格式为ESRI shapefile；栅格数据格式为TIFF+TFW world文件；坐标系为WGS84 datum +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs。
（4）网址：2、USGS Earth Explorer
美国地质勘探局（United States Geological Survey，简称USGS），是美国内政部所属的科学研究机构。其官网上提供最新、最全面的全球卫星影像，包括Landsat、Modis等。
网址：
网站无法登陆（被墙）
3、OpenStreetMap
4、NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)
SEDAC提供全球范围内的GIS数据以帮助人们了解人与环境间的相互影响。数据涉及农业、气候、健康、基础设施、土地利用、海洋和沿海、人口、贫困、可持续性、城市和水等15种类型。（哥伦比亚大学）
数据分类包括：农业，气候，保护，框架数据，治理，危害，健康，基础设施，土地利用，海洋和沿海，人口，贫困，遥感，可持续性，城市，水。
如：全球PM2.5（由MODIS、MISR和WiFS大气遥感气融胶粒子厚度得到）1998-2012；全球各国的环境指标（2002-2014）。
网址：
5、Open Topography
Open Topography是一个提供高空间分辨率的地形数据和操作工具的门户网站。通过Open Topography，用户可以下载LiDAR数据（主要包括：美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、巴西、海地、墨西哥和波多黎各）。
数据包括激光雷达点云：186个数据集，覆盖面积180,122 km²，数据大小20766.28 GB.
栅格：81个数据集，覆盖面积239,120,000 km²，其中高分辨率127,009 km²，数据总大小2059.04 GB.数据包括数字高程模型（DEM）全球数据集（从卫星雷达地形测绘任务的空激光雷达测量（SRTM）和栅格数据计算）。航空激光雷达测量DEM可作为裸土（地），高辐射（反射或散射），或强（激光脉冲强度）片区。目录见。
google地球文件：谷歌地球的激光雷达成像。谷歌地球（或类似的虚拟地球）提供查看来自激光雷达地形数据图像的一个好方法。这些谷歌地球文件还强大的教育和宣传，并在工作之前与其他激光雷达产品的天气浏览数据。opentopography这部分数据提供1米分辨率激光雷达图像KMZ文件。目录见文件Lidar Derived
元数据:元数据文件目录见文件，详细元数据无法下载。
共享数据:共享数据由Open Topography社区提供，通过鼓励雷达数据组织将开放数据在此登记，形成数据目录，以便用户发现它们。共享数据目录见文件。
网站：
6、Diva GIS
Diva GIS包含全球各个国家的基础地理数据——边界、铁路、道路、气候、生物多样性以及农作物等。提供工具。
数据包括：（1）国家级的行政边界、道路、铁路、海拔、地表覆盖人口密度；（2）全球国家边界（2011年）；（3）全球气候数据；（4）生物多样性数据；（5）作物（基因库）收集的数据；（6）全球90m分辨率高程数据；（7）高分辨率遥感影像(LandSat) ,MrSid格式。
网站：
7、UNEP Environmental Data Explorer
UNEP（联合国环境规划署）包含全球范围内500多种不同类型的空间和非空间数据，如淡水、人口、森林、污染排放、气候、灾害、卫生和国内生产总值等。
数据功能列表
数据列表
-----2010 BIP Biodiversity IndicatorsAdjusted Human Water Security ThreatAdministrative Boundaries - First LevelAdministrative Boundaries - First Level (ESRI)Agricultural AreaAgricultural Area Actually IrrigatedAgricultural Area Certified OrganicAgriculture Value Added - Percent of GDPAid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - BiodiversityAid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change AdaptationAid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change MitigationAid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - DesertificationAid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - BiodiversityAid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change MitigationAid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - DesertificationAir Transport - Passengers CarriedAlternative Conversion Factor (Exchange Rate)Amounts of Municipal Waste - TotalAmphibians - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesAmphibians - Number of Endangered SpeciesAmphibians - Number of Species EvaluatedAmphibians - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedAmphibians - Number of Threatened SpeciesAmphibians - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesAnimal Species - ThreatenedAnimals - Number of Species EvaluatedAnimals - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedAnimals - Number of Threatened SpeciesAnnual PrecipitationAnnual TemperatureAnthropogenic Drivers of Change on Marine Ecosystems: Nutrient Pollution (Fertilizer)Aquaculture Production - Inland WatersAquaculture Production - MarineAquaculture Production - TotalArable LandArable Land and Permanent CropsArsenic in Groundwater - Probability of OccurrenceArtificial Surfaces and Associated Areas - from GlobCover Land Cover (v2.2)Average Carbon Content in the TopsoilAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - AprilAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - AugustAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - DecemberAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - FebruaryAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - JanuaryAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - JulyAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - JuneAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - MarchAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - MayAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - NovemberAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - OctoberAverage Monthly Maximum Temperature - SeptemberAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - AprilAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - AugustAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - DecemberAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - FebruaryAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - JanuaryAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - JulyAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - JuneAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - MarchAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - MayAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - NovemberAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - OctoberAverage Monthly Minimum Temperature - SeptemberAverage Supply of Protein of Animal OriginAverage Value of Food ProductionBiodiversity HotspotsBiogeographical ProvincesBirds - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesBirds - Number of Endangered SpeciesBirds - Number of Species EvaluatedBirds - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedBirds - Number of Threatened SpeciesBirds - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesBirthsBlue Water Footprint of National ProductionCO2 emissions - per Capita (WDI)Cadmium (Cd) ConsumptionCadmium (Cd) ProductionCarbon Stock in Living Forest BiomassCarbon to the Atm. From Land-Use Change - Ann. Net FluxCash Surplus/Deficit - Percent of of GDPCentral Government Debt - Percent of GDPCereal Import Dependency RatioCereals - Area HarvestedCereals - Area Harvested BIDON for aggregations onlyCereals - ProductionCereals - YieldChange in Glacier MassChange in Glacier Mass - Mean Cumulative Net BalanceCharges for the Use of Intellectual Property - PaymentsCharges for the Use of Intellectual Property - ReceiptsChildren Under 5 with Diarrhoea - PercentCivil Aviation Traffic - International FreightCivil Aviation Traffic - International Kilometers FlownCivil Aviation Traffic - International Passengers CarriedCivil Aviation Traffic - Total FreightCivil Aviation Traffic - Total Kilometers FlownCivil Aviation Traffic - Total Passengers CarriedClaimed Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)Commercial Activity - ShippingConcentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in Rivers, Lakes and GroundwaterConcentration of Nitrogen (NO3+NO2) in Rivers, Lakes and GroundwaterConcentrations of Particulate Matter less than 10 microns (PM10)Conservation Agriculture Area: >30% Ground CoverConsumer Price Index (2000 = 100)Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - AllConsumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Carbon TetrachlorideConsumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - HalonsConsumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Methyl BromideConsumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Methyl ChloroformContinental Shelf AreaContinuos Fields Tree CoverCountry AreaCrude Birth RateCrude Death RateCrustaceans - Number of Species EvaluatedCrustaceans - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedCrustaceans - Number of Threatened SpeciesCyclone Buffers (WMS Test)DEM 5 minutes - AllDEM 5 minutes - ContinentDEM 5 minutes - OceanDamsDesalinated Water ProducedDisasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Killed PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Killed per Million PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Total Affected PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Total Affected per Million PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin - Affected PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin - Killed PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin - Killed per Million PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin - Total Affected per Million PeopleDisasters of Natural Origin - Total Affected PeopleDiseases of the Respiratory System - Number of DeathsDiseases of the Respiratory System - Number of Deaths per 100,000 PopulationDomestic Food Price IndexDominant Type of Problem LandsDroughts - Killed PeopleDrylands - Percent of Total AreaDrylands - Total AreaETOPO1 Global Relief ModelEarthquake Intensity ZonesEasy Available WaterEcological FootprintEcological Zones (Holdridge Lifezones)Economically Active PopulationEconomically Active Population in AgricultureEconomically Active Population in Agriculture - FemaleEconomically Active Population in Agriculture - MaleElectricity - Distribution Losses (IEA)Electricity - Domestic Supply (IEA)Electricity - Nuclear Industry (IEA)Electricity - Production (IEA)Electricity - Total Final Consumption (IEA)Electricity Consumption - Residential (IEA)Electricity Consumption - Transport Sector (IEA)Emissions of CH4 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of CH4 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of CH4 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CH4 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)Emissions of CH4 - Waste (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CH4 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CH4 - from Animal Breeding: Enteric Fermentation (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CH4 - from Coal Mining and Solid Fuel Transformation (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CH4 - from Enteric Fermentation Cattle (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CH4 - from Oil and Gas production (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CH4 - from Rice Cultivation (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of CO - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of CO - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CO2 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of CO2 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of CO2 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO2 - from Nonmetallic Minerals Production (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO2 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CO2 - from Cement Production (CDIAC)Emissions of CO2 - from Cement Production (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CO2 - from Forest Fires Decay (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO2 - from Fossil Fuels - Total (CDIAC)Emissions of CO2 - from Gas Flaring (CDIAC)Emissions of CO2 - from Gas Fuels Consumption (CDIAC)Emissions of CO2 - from Heating/Cooling/Electrical Equipment of Buildings (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO2 - from Industrial Combustion for Manufacturing (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO2 - from Liquid Fuels Consumption (CDIAC)Emissions of CO2 - from Manufacturing Industries and Construction (IEA)Emissions of CO2 - from Power Generation (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CO2 - from Power Plants (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO2 - from Public Electricity and Heat Production (IEA)Emissions of CO2 - from Residentials, Commercials and Other Sector (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CO2 - from Road Transport (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of CO2 - from Solid Fuels Consumption (CDIAC)Emissions of CO2 - from Transport (IEA)Emissions of CO2 - from Transport Road (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of CO2 per GDP (PPP)Emissions of GHGs - Total (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of GHGs - Total (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of GHGs - from Agriculture (National Reports, UNFCCC)Emissions of GHGs - from Energy (National Reports, UNFCCC)Emissions of GHGs - from Industrial Processes (National Reports, UNFCCC)Emissions of GHGs - from Transport (National Reports, UNFCCC)Emissions of GHGs - from Waste (National Reports, UNFCCC)Emissions of HFCs - all GasesEmissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 - Aggregated (National Reports, UNFCCC)Emissions of N2O (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of N2O (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of N2O - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of N2O - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)Emissions of N2O - from Agriculture (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of N2O - from Agriculture (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)Emissions of N2O - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of N2O - from Fertilizer Use in Arable Land (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of N2O - from Soil Emissions (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)Emissions of NMVOC (Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds) - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of NMVOC - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of NMVOC - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of NMVOC - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)Emissions of NOx (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of NOx (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of NOx - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)Emissions of NOx - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Emissions of Organic Water Pollutants (BOD) - TotalEmissions of Organic Water Pollutants (BOD) - per WorkerEmissions of Particulates Smaller than 2.5 MicronsEmissions of SO2 (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of SO2 (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryEmissions of SO2 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)Emissions of SO2 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)Energy Capacity - NuclearEnergy Consumption for Road Transport Sector - Total (IEA)Energy Consumption for Total Transport Sector - Total (IEA)Energy Imports Net - Percent of Energy UseEnergy ProductionEnergy Production - Biodiesel (IEA)Energy Production - Biogasoline (IEA)Energy Production - Combustible Renewables and Waste (IEA)Energy Production - Crude Oil (IEA)Energy Production - Hydro (IEA)Energy Production - Natural gas (IEA)Energy Production - Nuclear (IEA)Energy Production - Other Liquid Biofuels (IEA)Energy Production - Total (IEA)Energy Use - per CapitaEnergy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 GDP (Constant 2005 PPP $)European Remote Sensing Forest/Non-forest Digital MapExclusive Fishing Zone (EFZ)Exports of Goods and ServicesExternal Debt Stocks - TotalExtreme Temperatures - Killed PeopleFertilityFish Catch - Inland WatersFish Catch - MarineFish Catch - TotalFish Stocks Exploitation - Fully ExploitedFish Stocks Exploitation - Not Fully ExploitedFish Stocks Exploitation - OverexploitedFishery Production - Inland WatersFishery Production - MarineFishery Production - TotalFishes - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesFishes - Number of Endangered SpeciesFishes - Number of Species EvaluatedFishes - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedFishes - Number of Threatened SpeciesFishes - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesFloods - Killed PeopleFluoride in Groundwater - Probability of OccurrenceFood Supply Quantity - CerealsFood Supply Quantity - Fish and SeafoodFood Supply Quantity - MeatForeign Direct Investment - Net InflowsForest AreaForest Average Annual ChangeForest Fire ExtentForest Harvest RateForest Plantation Annual ChangeForest Plantation ExtentForest Primary Designated Function - Conservation of BiodiversityForest Primary Designated Function - ProductionForest RevenueForest within Protected AreasForests - CurrentForests - OriginalForests Certified by FSC- Accredited Certification BodiesForests Certified by PEFC Chain of Custody - AreaForests Certified by PEFC Chain of Custody - Number of CertificationsGTOPO30 Global Shaded ReliefGender Empowerment Measure (GEM)Gender-related Development Index (GDI)General Government Final Consumption ExpenditureGini IndexGirls to Boys Ratio in Primary Education EnrolmentGlobCover Land Cover (v2.2)Global 1Km Land Cover - UMD LegendGlobal 1km Land Cover - IGBP LegendGlobal 1km Land Cover - Olson Global Ecosystem LegendGlobal 1km Land Cover - USGS LegendGlobal Average TemperatureGlobal Burnt AreaGlobal Forest Canopy DensityGlobal Forest CoverGlobal Humidity IndexGlobal Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-1) - Level 1Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-2) - Level 2Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-3) - Level 3Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC 2000)Global Land-Ocean Temperature AnomalyGlobal Mean GHG in the AtmosphereGlobal Mean Land Surface TemperatureGlobal Mean Sea Level (CSIRO)Global Mean Sea Level (NOAA/LSA)Global Mean Sea Level (University of Colorado)Global Mean Sea Surface TemperatureGlobal Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2000Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2001Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2002Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2003Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2004Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2005Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2006Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2007Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2008Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2009Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2010Global Vegetation Index 1983-1990Globally Averaged Marine Surface Annual Mean Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ConcentrationGreen Water Footprint of National ProductionGrey Water Footprint of National ProductionGridded Population of the World - PopulationGridded Population of the World - Population DensityGridded Population of the World: Future Estimates - PopulationGridded Population of the World: Future Estimates - Population DensityGross Domestic ProductGross Domestic Product - Annual Percentage Growth RateGross Domestic Product - Purchasing Power ParityGross Enrolment Ratio in Primary EducationGross Enrolment Ratio in Secondary EducationGross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education (ISCED Categories 5 and 6)Gross National IncomeGroundwater Produced InternallyGroundwater Resources and Recharge (WMS Test)Growing Stock in ForestHazardous Pesticides - ExportsHazardous Pesticides - ImportsHazardous Waste - ProductionHealthy Life Expectancy (HALE)Hospital Beds - per 10 000 PopulationHousehold Final Consumption Expenditure - TotalHuman Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) as a Percentage of Net Primary Productivity (NPP)Human Development Index (HDI)Human Impact on Marine EcosystemsHuman Induced Soil Degradation (GLASOD)Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries (HPI-1)ISO 14001 CertificationsImports of Goods and ServicesImproved Drinking Water Coverage - Rural PopulationImproved Drinking Water Coverage - Rural Population as Percentage of Rural PopulationImproved Drinking Water Coverage - Total PopulationImproved Drinking Water Coverage - Total Population as Percentage of Total PopulationImproved Drinking Water Coverage - Urban PopulationImproved Drinking Water Coverage - Urban Population as Percentage of Urban PopulationImproved Sanitation Coverage - Rural PopulationImproved Sanitation Coverage - Rural Population as Percentage of Rural PopulationImproved Sanitation Coverage - Total PopulationImproved Sanitation Coverage - Total Population as Percentage of Total PopulationImproved Sanitation Coverage - Urban PopulationImproved Sanitation Coverage - Urban Population as Percentage of Urban PopulationIndustry Value AddedInfant Mortality RateInsects - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesInsects - Number of Endangered SpeciesInsects - Number of Species EvaluatedInsects - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedInsects - Number of Threatened SpeciesInsects - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesInternational Tourism - ArrivalsInternational Tourism - DeparturesIrrigated AreasLand AreaLand Area where Elevation is Below 5 meters - Percent of Land AreaLarge Marine Ecosystem (LME)Lead (Pb) ConsumptionLead (Pb) ProductionLength of Available Growing PeriodLength of CoastlineLife ExpectancyLiving Planet Index - FreshwaterLiving Planet Index - GlobalLiving Planet Index - MarineLiving Planet Index - TemperateLiving Planet Index - TerrestrialLiving Planet Index - TropicalMajor Rare Earth Element (REE) Mines, Deposits and Occurrences of the WorldMammals - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesMammals - Number of Endangered SpeciesMammals - Number of Species EvaluatedMammals - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedMammals - Number of Threatened SpeciesMammals - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesMangrovesMangroves Forest Extent - Protected AreaMangroves Forest Extent - Total AreaManufacturing Value AddedMap of the Natural VegetationMarine + Terrestrial Area for WDPA - BIDONMarine Area for WDPA - BIDONMaternal Mortality RatioMatthews Cultivation IntensityMatthews VegetationMean Annual PrecipitationMean Annual RainfallMercury (Hg) ProductionMilitary Expenditures - Percent of GDPMineral Resources Data System (MRDS)Mineral Resources Outside the United StatesMobile Cellular Subscriptions per 100 InhabitantsModis Blue Marble Land SurfaceMolluscs - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesMolluscs - Number of Endangered SpeciesMolluscs - Number of Species EvaluatedMolluscs - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedMolluscs - Number of Threatened SpeciesMolluscs - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesMost Suitable CerealMotor Vehicles in Use - Commercial Vehicles per Thousand PeopleMotor Vehicles in Use - Number of Commercial VehiclesMotor Vehicles in Use - Number of Passenger CarsMotor Vehicles in Use - Passenger Cars per Thousand PeopleMunicipal Waste CollectionNet Enrolment Ratios in Primary EducationNet Enrolment Ratios in Secondary EducationNet MigrationNet Migration RateNet Number of MigrantsNet ODA Received - per CapitaNet Official Aid ReceivedNet Production Index - AgricultureNet Production Index - CerealsNet Production Index - CropsNet Production Index - FoodNet Production Index - LivestockNet Reproduction RateNighttime Lights of the World - Human SettlementsNitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Consumption in NutrientsNitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Export Quantity in NutrientsNitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Import Quantity in NutrientsNitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Production in NutrientsNuclear Power Reactors Operable - Electrical OutputNuclear Power Reactors Operable - NumberNuclear Power Reactors Planned - Electrical OutputNuclear Power Reactors Planned - NumberNuclear Power Reactors Proposed - Electrical OutputNuclear Power Reactors Proposed - NumberNuclear Power Reactors Under Construction - Electrical OutputNuclear Power Reactors Under Construction - NumberNuclear Waste - Spent Fuel ArisingsNumber of Parties to 13 Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)Number of PhysiciansNumber of people undernourishedNursing and Midwifery Personnel Density - per 10 000 PopulationOcean AcidificationOfficial Development Assistance and Official AidOfficial List of MDG IndicatorsOil Palm Fruit - Area HarvestedOther Wooded Land ExtentParticipation in Treaties - Basel ConventionParticipation in Treaties - Convention on Biological DiversityParticipation in Treaties - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and FloraParticipation in Treaties - Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild AnimalsParticipation in Treaties - Kyoto ProtocolParticipation in Treaties - Ramsar Convention on WetlandsParticipation in Treaties - Rotterdam ConventionParticipation in Treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic PollutantsParticipation in Treaties - United Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaParticipation in Treaties - United Nations Convention to Combat DesertificationParticipation in Treaties - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeParticipation in Treaties - Vienna Convention and Montreal ProtocolParticipation in Treaties - World Heritage ConventionPatent Applications - ResidentsPatent Applications - non ResidentsPer Capita Food Production VariabilityPer Capita Food Supply VariabilityPercentage of Arable Land Equipped for IrrigationPercentage of Population Below US $ 1.25 per Day ConsumptionPercentage of Population Below US $ 2 per Day ConsumptionPermanent CropsPermanent Crops IrrigatedPermanent Meadows and PasturesPersonal Computers per 100 PeoplePesticides Consumption - Fungicides, BactericidesPesticides Consumption - HerbicidesPesticides Consumption - InsecticidesPesticides Consumption - Mineral OilsPesticides Consumption - Plant Growth RegulatorsPesticides Consumption - RodenticidesPhosphate (P2O5 Total Nutrients) - ConsumptionPhosphate (P2O5 Total Nutrients) - ProductionPhosphate Fertilizers (P205 Total Nutrients) - Export Quantity in NutrientsPhosphate Fertilizers (P205 Total Nutrients) - Import Quantity in NutrientsPlant Species - ThreatenedPlants - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesPlants - Number of Endangered SpeciesPlants - Number of Species EvaluatedPlants - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedPlants - Number of Threatened SpeciesPlants - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesPlastics ProductionPopulation - Aged 0 - 4Population - Aged 15 - 64Population - Aged 65 and OverPopulation - Female - BIDONPopulation - Median AgePopulation - Sex RatioPopulation - Total - BIDONPopulation - Total FemalePopulation - Total MalePopulation - Total both SexesPopulation Affected by Water Related DiseasePopulation Connected to Public Waste Water Treatement PlantsPopulation DensityPopulation Growth RatePopulation Using Solid FuelsPopulation Within 100 Kilometers of CoastPopulation in Drylands - Percent of Total PopulationPopulation in Drylands - TotalPotash (K2O Total Nutrients) - ConsumptionPotash (K2O Total Nutrients) - ProductionPotential EvapotranspirationPotential Grain Production per Person - High InputsPotential Grain Production per Person - Low InputsPotential Rainfed Food Production - Low InputsPoverty Gap at US $ 1.25 (PPP)Poverty Gap at US $ 2 (PPP)Precipitation - Cubic KilometersPrecipitation - MillimetersPrimary Forest Annual ChangePrimary Forest ExtentProportion of Households with Access to Secure TenureProportion of Land Area Covered by ForestProportion of Total Renewable Water ResourcesProtected Areas (Marine, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Marine AreaProtected Areas (Marine, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - TotalProtected Areas (Terrestrial and Marine Combined, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Total Territorial AreaProtected Areas (Terrestrial and Marine Combined, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - TotalProtected Areas (Terrestrial, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Terrestrial AreaProtected Areas (Terrestrial, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - TotalProtected Areas International - All International Sites (Points)Protected Areas International - All International Sites (Polygons)Protected Areas International - All National Sites (Points)Protected Areas International - All National Sites (Polygons)Protected Areas International - All National and International Marine Sites (Points)Protected Areas International - All National and International Marine Sites (Polygons)Protected Areas International - All National and International Sites (Points)Protected Areas International - All National and International Sites (Polygons)Protected Areas International - Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar and World Heritage Sites (Points)Protected Areas International - Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar and World Heritage Sites (Polygons)Protected Areas International - Regional Conventions and Agreements (Points)Protected Areas International - Regional Conventions and Agreements (Polygons)Protected Areas National - IUCN category I to VI (Points)Protected Areas National - IUCN category I to VI (Polygons)Protected Areas National - IUCN unkown (Points)Protected Areas National - IUCN unkown (Polygons)Protected Areas National - Other Areas (Points)Protected Areas National - Other Areas (Polygons)Railways Lines - Total Route-kmRailways Traffic - Goods HauledRailways Traffic - Passenger CarriedRapeseed (Colza) - Area HarvestedRatio of Literate Women to Men Aged 15-24Refugee Population by Country of AsylumRefugee Population by Country of OriginRenewable Energy Supply Index - Biofuels (IEA)Renewable Energy Supply Index - Geothermal (IEA)Renewable Energy Supply Index - Hydro (IEA)Renewable Energy Supply Index - Solar (IEA)Renewable Energy Supply Index - Tide, Wave, Ocean (IEA)Renewable Energy Supply Index - Total Renewables (including Waste) (IEA)Renewable Energy Supply Index - Wind (IEA)Reported Cholera Cases - Number of CasesReported Cholera Cases - Number of DeathsReported Malaria Cases - Total NumberReported Malaria Cases - Total Number per 100,000 PopulationReptiles - Number of Critically Endangered SpeciesReptiles - Number of Endangered SpeciesReptiles - Number of Species EvaluatedReptiles - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species DescribedReptiles - Number of Threatened SpeciesReptiles - Number of Vulnerable SpeciesResearch and Development Expenditure - percent of GDPRice - Area HarvestedRice - Area Harvested BIDON for aggregations onlyRice - ProductionRice - YieldRiver Network - HydroSHEDSRoundwood - ProductionRural Population - TotalSchool Age Population - PrimarySchool Age Population - SecondarySchool Age Population - TertiarySea Ice Area (North)Sea Ice Area (South)Sea Ice Extent (North)Sea Ice Extent (South)September Sea Ice Extent (North)Services Value Added - Percent of GDPSewage Sludge ProductionShare of Food Expenditure of the PoorSlides - Killed PeopleSoil Map of the European Communities (CORINE)Soil Production IndexSoybeans - Area HarvestedSugar Beet - Area HarvestedSugar Cane - Area HarvestedSunflower Seed - Area HarvestedSurface Micro- and Mesoplastic Concentrations in Western Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Atlantic OceanSurface Water Produced InternallyTeaching Staff in Primary EducationTeaching Staff in Secondary EducationTeaching Staff in Tertiary EducationTelephone Main Lines in UseTelephone Main Lines in Use per 100 PeopleTelevision SetsTelevision Sets per 1000 PeopleTerrestrial Area for WDPA - BIDONTerritorial SeaThreats to ReefsTotal Amount of Generated Hazardous WastesTotal Amount of Generated Other WastesTotal Area Equipped for IrrigationTotal Dam CapacityTotal Final Energy Consumption - Biodiesel (IEA)Total Final Energy Consumption - Biogasoline (IEA)Total Final Energy Consumption - Other Liquid Biofuels (IEA)Total Final Energy Consumption - Total (IEA)Total Forest ExtentTotal Health Expenditure - Percent of GDPTotal Number of Graduates in Tertiary EducationTotal Pesticides - ExportsTotal Pesticides - ImportsTotal Primary Energy Supply - Coal and Coal Products (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Combustible Renewables and Waste (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Crude Oil (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Geothermal (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Hydro (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Natural Gas (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Nuclear (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Petroleum Products (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Solar, Wind, Tide and Other (IEA)Total Primary Energy Supply - Total (IEA)Total Surface AreaTotal Unemployment - Percent of Total Labor ForceTrade - Percent of GDPTransboundary Movements of Hazardous and Other Wastes - ExportsTransboundary Movements of Hazardous and Other Wastes - ImportsTransport Sector Diesel Fuel Consumption per CapitaTransport Sector Gasoline Fuel Consumption per CapitaTraveltime to Major Cities: A Global Map of AccessibilityTreated Waste Water ReusedUnder-Five Mortality RateUrban Population - Average Annual Growth RateUrban Population - Average Annual Growth Rate - BIDONUrban Population - Percent of Total PopulationUrban Population - TotalWWF Ecoregions - Major Habitat Types (Biomes) LegendWWF Ecoregions - Terrestrial Ecoregions LegendWaste Recycling Rates - GlassWaste Recycling Rates - Paper and CardboardWater FootprintWater Quality for Major WatershedsWater Quality for Selected LakesWater Resources - Dependency RatioWater Resources - Overlap Between Surface Water and GroundwaterWater Resources - Total ExploitableWater Resources - Total External (Actual)Water Resources - Total Internal RenewableWater Resources - Total Renewable (Actual)Water Use - Agricultural Water WithdrawalWater Use - Industrial Water WithdrawalWater Use - Municipal Water WithdrawalWater Use - Total Groundwater WithdrawalWater Use - Total Surface Water WithdrawalWater Use - Total Water WithdrawalWater footprint of consumption of agricultural productsWater footprint of consumption of industrial productsWater footprint of domestic water consumptionWatershed Boundaries - HydroSHEDSWatershed Boundaries Level 1 - HYDRO1kWatershed Boundaries Level 2 - HYDRO1kWatershed Boundaries Level 3 - HYDRO1kWaves/Surges - Killed PeopleWetlandsWetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) - AreaWetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) - NumberWhites Vegetation MapWild Fires - Killed PeopleWilderness AreasWind Storms - Killed PeopleWood Fuel ProductionWorld Heritage Sites - Number
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8、FAO GeoNetworkFAO是一个全球地理信息系统数据集，通过它你可以下载到农业、渔业、土地资源相关的GIS数据，同时它提供相关卫星图像数据。
数据类型包括：行政和政治边界，农业和畜牧业，应用生态学，基础地图、遥感和地名，生物和生态资源，气候，渔业和水产养殖，林业，人类健康，水文水资源，基础设施，土地覆盖与土地利用，人口与社会经济指标，土壤和土壤资源，地形
包含源数据。
元数据结构：
数据分类体系：
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9、NASA Earth Observations (NEO)
NEO专注于提供全球范围内的卫星影像（大气、能源、土地、生活、海洋等50多种不同数据专题）。通过NEO可以查看地球气候和环境状况的每日快照。
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10、ISCGM Global Map
全球制图指导委员会（iscgm）：ISCGM提供的数据种类包括全球土地和森林覆盖数据集。同时一些文化和自然矢量数（边界、排水、交通、人口中心、海拔、土地覆盖、土地利用和植被）也能在这里获取。
网址：
11、中国科学院数据云
免费数据包括：
LANDSAT 系列数据（52.6TB），MODIS 陆地标准产品（80.0TB），MODIS 中国合成产品（8.7TB），MODISL1B 标准产品（165.1TB），DEM 数字高程数据（1.3TB），EO-1 系列数据（3.2TB），NOAAA VHRR 数据产品（），大气污染插值数据（），Sentinel数据（4.8TB）……
商业数据包括：
高分一号、高分二号、高分三号。
注：网站还提供了数据的空间检索、数据众包等。
网站：